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Great Britain (England, Wales, and Scotland) and Northern Ireland are regions of the United Kingdom, of which the area size is twice larger than the New York State. The north portion of Scotland and England's southeast part of the British Isles are divided by the granite Cheviot Hills. In the mean time, the Pennine of uplands within that area expands south from the heart of England going to the northwest particularly in the Lake District. The Cambrian Mountains, composed of high hills and valleys, is on the west along the border of Wales. The Costwolds, which has range of hills in Gloucestershire, is stretching into the surrounding shires.

The main rivers particularly, Thames, Humber, Tees, and Tyne are all flowing into the North Sea. Seven and Wye are in the west portion, emptying into the Bristol Channel of which ships and motorboats can able to sail on like to that of Mersey and Ribble. A queen and also a parliament which has two houses composed the United Kingdom's constitutional monarchy and parliament democracy. The House of Commons is the major chamber of the parliament of which the 651 members are popularly chosen. On the other hand, 574 life peers, 92 hereditary peers, and 26 bishops composed the House of Lords. United Kingdom Supreme legislative power is vested in parliament, which sits for 5 years unless dissolved sooner. The main function of the House of Lords today is to change legislation as the majority of its power was stripped of in 1911. Countless hereditary peers were expelled in November 1999 as they try to make the body becomes more democratic. The executive power of the Crown is exercised by the cabinet, headed by the prime minister.

England has existed as a unified entity since the 10th century; the union between England and Wales, begun in 1284 with the Statute of Rhuddlan, wasn't official until 1536 with an Act of Union; in another Act of Union in 1707, England and Scotland decided to the advantage England is already a unified entity ever since the 10th century. It was only in 1536 where the union of England and Wales was official by way of an Act of Union though it was initially carried out in 1284 by the Statute of Rhuddlan. England and Scotland have decided to join together as Great Britain through an Act of Union in 1707. The Great Britain and Ireland legislative union was implemented in 1801 using the adopted name, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. With the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921, the partition of Ireland was formalized. Six Northern Irish counties have stayed to be areas of the United Kingdom as Northern Ireland while the country's present name which is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was just adopted in 1927.